Level of alcohol consumption in pregnancy | Effects on pregnancy loss | Reference |
---|---|---|
Any alcohol consumption vs. abstaining | No increased risk of miscarriage (RR 1.1, 95% CI 0.9 - 1.4) | Parazzini, et al. 1994 |
≥ 4 drinks per week vs. abstaining | Increased risk of miscarriage (HR 2.65, 95% CI 1.38 - 5.10) | Avalos, et al. 2014 |
Increased risk of miscarriage (HR 1.66, 95% CI 2.27 - 3.49) Increased risk of 13-16Â week loss (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.30 - 1.90) | Andersen, et al. 2012 | |
≥ 5 drinks per week vs. < 1 drink per week | Increased risk of stillbirth (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.18 - 5.97) | Kesmodel, et al. 2002 |