Fig. 2

Cytokine changes and pregnancy outcomes in the patient subset who received nutraceuticals. A cohort of patients (70/134) received a 10 week nutraceutical regime consisting of high dose omega 3, Vitamin D and Vitamin B6 followed by repeated cytokine analysis prior to ART with immunomodulatory intervention (prednisolone and intralipid infusions). This chart illustrates the breakdown of pre- treatment (control) and post- treatment (intervention) pregnancy outcomes for patients who achieved normalisation, improvement or no change in their CKR levels. Significance levels calculated using Chi Square (χ²), McNemar’s test (McN), and Odds Ratio (OR) for reduction in miscarriage following immunomodulation