Impact of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection on reproductive outcomes among infertile women undergoing tubal flushing: a retrospective cohort at a fertility centre in Uganda

Table 1 Characteristics of the study population according to current genital Chlamydia trachomatis exposure

Genital Chlamydia exposure
Characteristics	Negative (N = 207)	Positive (N = 46)	P value
Age group at start of treatment (%)			0.941
19–25	12.08	10.87
26–30	42.51	39.13
31–35	27.05	28.26
36 or more	18.36	21.74
Parity (nulliparous; %)	64.73	56.52	0.296
History of abortion (%)	37.2	26.09	0.153
Duration of infertility (%)			0.831
< 2 years	20.77	17.39
2–5 years	62.32	63.04
6 or more years	16.91	19.57
Marital Status (%)			0.541
Single	14.49	13.04
Married	75.85	71.74
Cohabiting	9.66	15.22
Highest attained education level ^a (%)			0.643
Low	8.70	10.87
High	91.30	89.13
Occupation ^b (%)			0.147
Unemployed	4.83	0.00
Unskilled worker	1.45	4.35
Skilled worker	93.72	95.65
History of infertility treatment ^c (%)	92.27	97.83	0.173
History of gynaecological surgery ^d (%)	41.55	32.61	0.263
History of obstetrical surgery ^e (%)	11.11	15.22	0.436
History of genital infection (%)	2.90	36.96	0.000
Recent use of hormonal contraception ^f (%)	2.42	6.52	0.150
Type of tubal blockage (%)			0.002
Unilateral	36.71	13.04
Bilateral	63.29	86.96
Grade of tubal blockage ^g (%)			0.043
I. Moderate spillage	27.05	13.04
II. Minimal spillage	47.34	45.65
III. No spillage	25.6	41.3
Presence of uterine filling defect (%)	10.14	23.91	0.011
Number of tubal flushing series in 12 months			0.004
One	88.41	71.74
Two	11.59	28.26

^aLow: primary or no education. High: secondary, technical or vocational education
^bUnskilled labour: work with no special training or experience. Skilled labour: work with special training and experience
^cPrevious treatment with either tubal flushing, ovulation induction, alternative medicine or assisted reproductive technologies
^dEither myomectomy, tubal surgery, uterine instrumentation or ovarian cystectomy
^eEither caesarean section or other obstetric surgical procedures
^fEither oral contraceptive, subdermal implant, injectable contraceptive or intrauterine device
^gTubal patency as denoted on the HSG, grade (I) with moderate spillage of contrast, (II) with minimal spillage of contrast and (III) with no spillage of contrast

ISSN: 2054-7099